高能天体物理现象：2025–2026 年度综述

An annual survey of the astro-ph.HE arXiv category, covering research published from September 2025 – August 2026. Built on a close-reading set of 108 papers and organised into 40 chapters, it maps the year by the field's research sub-directions.

Book framework (share of the year's output):

• Compact Object Structure and Evolution (49.2%) — Investigates the internal physics, magnetic fields, and merger dynamics of neutron stars and black holes through simulations and observational constraints.
• High-Energy Transients and Burst Phenomena (30.4%) — Characterizes the origins, spectral properties, and detection methods for fast radio bursts, gamma-ray bursts, and supernova-related transients.
• Multi-Messenger Observational Techniques (16.2%) — Focuses on data analysis and instrument development for detecting cosmic rays, neutrinos, and X-ray sources across various observatories.
• Pulsar Timing and Binary Dynamics (2.4%) — Studies pulsar timing arrays, orbital evolution of compact binaries, and gravitational wave background detection using radio timing data.
• Fundamental Physics and Gravity Tests (0.9%) — Explores tests of general relativity, modified gravity theories, and exotic compact object physics using astrophysical observations.
• Exotic Phenomena and Nucleosynthesis (0.6%) — Examines rare astrophysical events, dark matter candidates, and r-process nucleosynthesis through multi-messenger signals and theoretical models.
• Theoretical Transport and Angular Momentum (0.1%) — Analyzes particle transport mechanisms, spin dynamics, and distribution functions in high-energy astrophysical environments.
• Machine Learning in High-Energy Astrophysics (0.1%) — Applies deep learning techniques to analyze polarization, image data, and transient detection in X-ray and radio astronomy.
• Computational Plasma and Blastwave Dynamics (0.1%) — Develops specialized numerical frameworks and analytical models for simulating relativistic plasma dynamics and blastwave evolution.

Each sub-direction is covered across three chapters — how it framed its questions, the strength of its key findings, and its open debates and frontiers — so the reader gets a traceable picture of what this part of the field actually produced over the year.